UC Davis

UC Davis L3 Lab

Welcome! Please consider participating in this study only if you are a native speaker of English.

By answering the following questions, you are participating in a study being performed by researchers in the UC Davis Department of Linguistics. If you have questions about this research, please contact us at mwreese@ucdavis.edu. You must be at least 18 years old to participate. Your participation in this research is voluntary. You may decline to answer any or all of the following questions. You may decline further participation, at any time, without adverse consequences. Your anonymity is assured; the researchers who have requested your participation will not receive any personal information about you. We have recently been made aware that your public Amazon.com profile can be accessed via your worker ID if you do not choose to opt out. If you would like to opt out of this feature, you may follow instructions available here.

Thank you so much for participating in this study. You will be answering a series of questions about whether or not two individuals disagree with one another. These individuals have never met or spoken with one another. Click NEXT to meet them.

This is Alex and Sam. Alex and Sam have never met before, but they inhabit the same world, and sometimes they interact with the same people and things. We want to compare their thoughts and beliefs. You will see a series of scenarios along with beliefs Alex and Sam have in those scenarios. In light of the scenario, you will be asked a question about whether or not they disagree. Click NEXT to see a sample scenario.

Sam and Alex are waiting for a train to arrive.

Alex thinks that the train will arrive within the next 15 minutes.

Sam thinks that the train will not arrive within the next 15 minutes.



Do Alex and Sam disagree?

Correct! Alex and Sam disagree on whether or not the train will arrive in the next 15 minutes.

Click NEXT below to begin the actual experiment.


Incorrect! Alex and Sam actually do disagree on whether or not the train will arrive in the next 15 minutes.

Click NEXT below to begin the actual experiment.





What is your age?

What is your gender identity?

Have you ever taken a course which included training in formal logic?

When and how did you learn English?

What in your opinion was the goal of the experiment?

Do people need to communicate in order to disagree with one another?

Can people disagree with one another without communicating?

Are people required to speak, write, or otherwise communicate in order to disagree with one another?

Can we say that two people disagree with one another if they have never communicated?

If you have any comment about the experiment, please write it here. Did you happen to run into any issues?

Thank you for participating in the study. The purpose of the study is to understand whether humans are sensitive to asymmetric disagreement. In this study, we ask participants to judge whether two parties disagree with each other or not. If you would like to know more about this topic or if you have any questions or concerns, please don't hesitate to contact the researchers at mwreese@ucdavis.edu.